Bait & Switch

Advertising a particular outcome based on the user’s action but
deceptively serving an alternate outcome

Prevalence

13.2%

of the applications studied (7 of 53), used some form of Bait &
Switch in their designs.

Industry

Fintech & Health Tech

had the most instances of Bait & Switch (7 instances across 10 applications), accounting for nearly 70% of the instances.

App User Flow

Browsing/Searching Products

is where Bait & Switch was commonly observed.

Understanding Bait & Switch

Have you ever found a product at a certain price, only to discover it's mysteriously out of stock in your chosen size?

Understanding Bait & Switch

Companies employ this tactic to attract customers with a low initial price and then upsell higher-priced options.

Definition

A pattern that businesses employ to guide users
towards a particular product by advertising a
highly desirable product at first but pushing a
higher margin alternative instead

Variants

Ways in which businesses utilise
Bait & Switch

Variant 1

Classic Bait & Switch

Attracting customers with a desirable product
at an attractive price (the "bait"), then offering
a more expensive alternative (the "switch").

How does it affect users?

Users feel deceived and either have to settle or the more expensive product, or restart their search for a product within their budget.

Variant 2

Reversal of Meaning

Changing outcomes of commonly understood
design elements or calls to action (CTAs),
not matching user expectations.

How does it affect users?

Users are left confused and dissatisfied by the outcome of clicking on such design elements.

Ethical Alternatives

Ways in which design can address

Bait & Switch

Meesho
Meesho

Contextual Transparency

Provide information to the users based on the situation they are in, describing the outcome of the action they are about to take.

Amazon
Amazon

Easy Price Comparison

Present all styles of a product, and associated costs, as separate items on the listing page to avoid misleading users.

Need more Inspiration?

View 50+ Ethical Alternatives to
Privacy Deception and other Deceptive Patterns